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marine drugsArticleInfluence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Kidney Functions of Rats with Chronic Renal FailureHiroki Muramatsu 1 , Naoe Akimoto 1 , Michio Hashimoto two , Kenji Sugibayashiand Masanori Katakura 1, Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (K.S.) Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: Muramatsu, H.; Akimoto, N.; Hashimoto, M.; Sugibayashi, K.; Katakura, M. Influence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Kidney Functions of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 692. doi.org/ ten.3390/md19120692 Academic Editor: Marialuisa Menna Received: 16 November 2021 Accepted: 1 December 2021 Published: three DecemberAbstract: Arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 (-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is involved in the improvement and upkeep of renal functions, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is definitely an omega-3 (-3) PUFA that has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates nephropathy. However, their effects on the progression of chronic kidney illness (CKD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding ARA, DHA, and ARA and DHA-containing diets on rats with 5/6 nephrectomized kidneys. Urine and feces were collected every 4 weeks, along with the kidneys have been collected at 16 weeks right after surgery. Urinary albumin (U-ALB) excretion increased steadily with nephrectomy, however the U-ALB excretion was attenuated by feeding the rats with an ARA + DHA-containing diet regime. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the kidneys were decrease in the ARA + DHA group than within the other groups. At four weeks right after surgery, the lipid peroxide (LPO) levels inside the plasma of the ARA + DHA groups decreased significantly after surgery compared to the handle CKD group, but this didn’t come about at 16 weeks post-surgery. There was a considerable adverse correlation amongst LPO levels in the plasma at 4 weeks and creatinine clearance, along with a positive correlation with urinary albumin levels. These final results recommend that the mixture of ARA and DHA inhibit the progress of early stage CKD. Key phrases: chronic kidney disease; ARA; DHA; urinary albumin; oxidative stress1. Introduction The kidneys play an important function inside the homeostasis of body fluids (the balance of water, salts, and minerals including sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium in the blood), regulation of blood stress, RSK1 site production of red blood cells, and in maintaining bones strength. Blood stress increases with age. Water, salt, and sodium concentration inside the body increases due