**Background** The Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and the maintenance of adult stem cells. Dysregulation of this pathway, particularly through the overactivation of…
**Background** Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and the infiltration of immune cells. The pathogenesis of this condition is heavily driven by the IL-23/IL-17 axis,…
**Background** The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor that plays a critical role in the development of male reproductive tissues and is a primary driver in the progression of…
**Background** Serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus aureus, pose significant challenges to global healthcare due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Beyond bacterial pathogens, the…
**Background** Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to severe hematological and neurological complications, including pernicious anemia. Beyond its nutritional role, certain forms of vitamin B12 exhibit unique pharmacological properties that are…