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marine drugsArticleInfluence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on NTR2 list kidney Functions of Rats with Chronic Renal FailureHiroki Muramatsu 1 , Naoe Akimoto 1 , Michio Hashimoto two , Kenji Sugibayashiand Masanori Katakura 1, Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (K.S.) Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: Muramatsu, H.; Akimoto, N.; Hashimoto, M.; Sugibayashi, K.; Katakura, M. Influence of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Kidney Functions of Rats with Chronic Renal Failure. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 692. doi.org/ ten.3390/md19120692 Academic Editor: Marialuisa Menna Received: 16 November 2021 Accepted: 1 December 2021 Published: three DecemberAbstract: Arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 (-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is involved in the improvement and maintenance of renal functions, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is definitely an omega-3 (-3) PUFA which has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates nephropathy. Nonetheless, their effects around the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stay unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of feeding ARA, DHA, and ARA and DHA-containing diets on rats with 5/6 nephrectomized kidneys. Urine and feces had been collected each four weeks, and the kidneys had been collected at 16 weeks right after surgery. Urinary albumin (U-ALB) excretion elevated steadily with nephrectomy, however the U-ALB excretion was attenuated by feeding the rats with an ARA + DHA-containing diet plan. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the kidneys had been reduced in the ARA + DHA group than inside the other groups. At four weeks soon after surgery, the lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in the plasma on the ARA + DHA groups decreased substantially immediately after surgery in comparison with the control CKD group, but this did not occur at 16 weeks post-surgery. There was a substantial unfavorable correlation involving LPO levels in the plasma at 4 weeks and creatinine clearance, and also a positive correlation with urinary albumin levels. These results suggest that the combination of ARA and DHA inhibit the progress of early stage CKD. Keywords and phrases: chronic kidney disease; ARA; DHA; urinary albumin; oxidative stress1. Introduction The kidneys play a vital role inside the homeostasis of physique fluids (the balance of water, salts, and minerals like sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium in the blood), regulation of blood stress, production of red blood cells, and in maintaining bones strength. Blood pressure increases with age. Water, salt, and sodium concentration within the physique increases due