These studies showed that several steps of BR biosynthesis a

These studies showed that several steps of BR biosynthesis are mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Although the importance of BRs for agricultural crops such as sorghum and maize has been recognized, only a few null-mutations have been reported in these species. The field of chemical genomics greatly benefited from the use of chemical inhibitors/modifiers. Potent and specific biosynthesis inhibitors are useful tools to evaluate the functions of endogenous substances, including phytohormones. Biosynthetic mutants and specific metabolic inhibitors displayed their effectiveness in mode of action studies of gibberellic acid and BRs. Numerous triazole compounds have been shown to inhibit P450s, one of the largest and most ubiquitous group of plant enzymes that catalyze oxidative processes in life systems. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole are two triazole plant growth regulators that block sterol 14R-demethylation, phenocopy GA mutants, and reduce endogenous GA levels. Both compounds inhibit P450 CYP701, which 84573-16-0 citations catalyzes an early step in GA biosynthesis. Furthermore, Ucz also has been reported to slightly decrease the endogenous concentration of castasterone and inhibits BR-induced tracheary element differentiation. These reports suggested that Ucz may also affects BR biosynthesis and later screens of structurally similar azoles led to the development of brassinazole, the first specific BR biosynthetic inhibitor. Brzs mode of action is to bind and block DWF4/CYP90B1. DWF4 is a P450 that mediates multiple rate-limiting C22 alphahydroxylations in the biosynthesis of BRs.DWF4 expression is a target of regulation by both endogenous signals like auxin and exogenous cues like temperature. Brz and its even more specific derivative Brz2001 Flavopiridol became invaluable tools for BR research. Not only did they help to reveal the role of BRs in various plant species, they were also essential for the isolation and characterization of genes that function in BR signaling. However, low accessibility and high costs associated with Brz/ Brz2001 have limited their use in agricultural crops that often require large-scale applications. In this context, it would be beneficial to the research community to have access to potent, specifi