Cells were plated at a density in a 24-well plate but stable telomeres

Mice were subjected to locomotor activity test first, followed by light-dark 781661-94-7 transition test, elevated-plus maze , finally forced swim test or tail suspension test. Different mice were used in TST and FST. CUS mice were subjected to locomotor activity test, novelty suppressed feeding test , and FST, respectively. Locomotor activity��Locomotor activity was evaluated to ensure that changes in behavioral tests are due to antidepressant responses rather than indirect effects of the drug on the locomotor activity. Mouse was placed in an open field chamber and its general locomotor behavior recorded using a video camera. After an acclimatization period of 3 min, the next 10 min of the locomotor activity was analyzed. The floor of the open field apparatus was cleaned with 70 ethanol between tests. Forced swim test ��FST was conducted as previously described. Mice were individually placed in glass cylinders with water filled up to 18 cm and allowed to swim for 6 min. The behaviors were recorded using the activity monitoring software for subsequent analysis. Duration of immobility is defined as the time the mouse spent floating in the water without struggling and making only those movements necessary to keep its head above the water. After the test, the mouse was removed from the tank, dried thoroughly with a towel, and returned to its home cage. The tank water was replaced after the swimming session of each mouse. The total duration of immobility was measured during the final 4 min of the 6-min test session. Tail suspension test ��TST was performed as previously described. Briefly, an adhesive tape was wrapped around the mouse tail 1 cm from the tip end and tied together with the tail to a hook hung in the center from the ceiling of the observation chamber. The behaviors were recorded by the activity monitoring software described above. The mouse was considered immobile when it hung there without any attempt to MCE Company 924416-43-3 struggle. The total duration of immobility during the last 4 min of a 6-min test session was determined for each mouse. Elevated-plus maze ��The EPM apparatus consists of a black Plexiglas maze with four arms and an