Therefore DGAT1 inhibition would result in decreased lipogenesis in the intestine driven

role in other tissues or when Noxa is induced by other stimuli. One has to bear in mind that the phenotypic GDC-0941 effect of a given microRNA is dictated by the sum total expression of all its potential targets. Yet another possibility would be that Noxa for some reason has an anti-apoptotic effect in our systems. However, without Noxa expression, the positive effect of miR-200c on apoptosis becomes even more pronounced, indicating that Noxa Linifanib indeed potentiates cell death induced by bortezomib. In line with this, ectopic expression of a Noxa construct unresponsive to miR-200c regulation led to potentiation of miR-200c-mediated apoptosis induction. We thus have a situation where the pro-apoptotic effect of miR-200c is partially counteracted by its repressive effect on Noxa. Interestingly, a similar scenario was described for miR-128. It apparently induces apoptosis in HEK293T cells while at the same time it directly represses the pro-apoptotic Bax protein. In conclusion, we have identified miR-200c as an apoptosisregulating microRNA that represses Noxa. The data presented have implications for the understanding of apoptosis in general, and Noxa regulation in particular. Furthermore, it can also help explain the mechanism behind bortezomib resistance in different tumors. Brassinosteroids are poly-hydroxylated steroidal hormones with profound effects on several physiological plant responses. They are involved in regulating cell elongation and division, vascular differentiation, photomorphogenesis, leaf angle inclination, seed germination, stomata development, as well as suppression of leaf senescence and abscission. Radioactive tracer studies in cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus established the steps of the BR metabolic pathway. This work was complemented by the characterization of several BR-deficient mutants in Arabidopsis, as well as crops like tomato, pea, and rice. These studies showed that several steps of BR biosynthesis are mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Although the importance of BRs for agricultural crops such as sorghum and maize has been recognized, only a few null-mutations have been reported in these species. The field of chemical genomics greatly benefited from the use of chemical inhibitors/modifiers. Potent and specific biosynthesis i